What should I do after maxing my 401(k)?
Retirement
Once your 401(k) is maxed, the next priorities typically include HSAs, backdoor or mega-backdoor Roth, taxable brokerage investing, and coordination across goals.
The usual order of operations
After capturing the full employer match and maxing the regular employee contribution, common next steps are: HSA (if eligible), backdoor Roth IRA, mega-backdoor Roth (if your plan supports after-tax contributions and conversions), then taxable brokerage.
Why taxable investing matters more than people think
Taxable brokerage accounts are flexible. They support pre-retirement goals, bridge years before retirement age, and offer tax-loss harvesting opportunities that retirement accounts don't.
Coordinating with the rest of the plan
The right answer depends on cash reserves, debt, equity comp, and life goals. Maxing one account at the expense of liquidity is rarely optimal.
What people often get wrong
- Skipping the HSA when eligible
- Assuming taxable investing isn't 'real' retirement saving
- Letting cash pile up because retirement accounts feel 'done'
What to think about next
- Confirm whether your plan supports after-tax contributions and in-plan conversions.
- Set up automatic contributions to a brokerage account once retirement accounts are funded.
- Revisit your asset allocation across all accounts as a single portfolio, not account by account.
When to consider working with a CFP®
Working with a CFP® can help when these decisions feel intertwined, taxes, investments, cash flow, and life goals tend to move together, and a planning relationship can offer structure, prioritization, and accountability over time.
Frequently Asked Questions
Should I prioritize Roth or pre-tax?
It depends on current versus expected future tax rates, state of residence, and the rest of your tax mix. Many high earners benefit from a blend.
Is a backdoor Roth still allowed?
As of this writing, yes. Rules can change, so confirm current law before executing.
Talk to a CFP® who works with high earners.
Connect with a CFP® to help you navigate this decision and build a comprehensive financial strategy.
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